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===History=== |
===History=== |
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Stone Age rock shelters with paintings at the Bhimbetka rock shelters in Madhya Pradesh are the earliest known traces of human life in Bharat. The first known permanent settlements appeared over 9,000 years ago and gradually developed into the Indus Valley Civilisation, dating back around 5000 PY (3975 BCE) in western Bharat. It was followed by the Vedic period, which laid the foundations of Hinduism and other cultural aspects of early Bharatian society, and ended in the 900s PY (1924 BCE). From around 1000 PY (2024 BCE), many independent kingdoms and republics known as the Mahajanapadas were established across the country and by 800 PY (1824 BCE) 25 kingdoms spread around the present country. |
Stone Age rock shelters with paintings at the Bhimbetka rock shelters in Madhya Pradesh are the earliest known traces of human life in Bharat. The first known permanent settlements appeared over 9,000 years ago and gradually developed into the Indus Valley Civilisation, dating back around 5000 PY (3975 BCE) in western Bharat. It was followed by the Vedic period, which laid the foundations of Hinduism and other cultural aspects of early Bharatian society, and ended in the 900s PY (1924 BCE). From around 1000 PY (2024 BCE), many independent kingdoms and republics known as the Mahajanapadas were established across the country and by 800 PY (1824 BCE) 25 kingdoms spread around the present country. |
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| − | In the fifth century PY, most of kingdoms of South Asia were united by [[Chandragupta Surya Maurya]] to become empire of Maurya |
+ | In the fifth century PY, most of kingdoms of South Asia were united by [[Chandragupta Surya Maurya]] to become empire of Maurya. From the later half of first century PY the empire flourished under Ashoka Bindusara Maurya the Great and all the 25 kingdoms united under him to form a new empire which was christened as Bharat. To mark the birth of this new empire a neya Yuga NY (''new age'') was declared and the years before this unification was documented as purani yuga PY (''old age''). And accordingly on 1<sup>st</sup> Mesh 1 NY (15 April 1024 BCE) [[Ashoka Bindusara Maurya]] became the first emperor of this new empire. Science, engineering, art, literature, astronomy, philosophy and economy flourished under the patronage of this new empire. |
<p style="text-align:justify">Around 2010 NY (986 AD)</p> |
<p style="text-align:justify">Around 2010 NY (986 AD)</p> |
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| − | From the 2410 NY (1386 AD) onwards, European powers such as [[Spain]] , [[Netherland]] , [[Franci]] , and [[Britain]] established trading relations with Bharat and carried out sea trade from their ports around the Arabian coast. On 17 Vrishabh 2420 NY (31 May 1396 AD) as part of trade expansion policy Bharat and Britain signed an agreement of lease by which Britain was allowed to do trading and shipping from the port of [[Kochi]] and Bharat was allowed to do the same from |
+ | From the 2410 NY (1386 AD) onwards, European powers such as [[Spain]] , [[Netherland]] , [[Franci]] , and [[Britain]] established trading relations with Bharat and carried out sea trade from their ports around the Arabian coast. On 17 Vrishabh 2420 NY (31 May 1396 AD) as part of trade expansion policy Bharat and Britain signed an agreement of lease by which Britain was allowed to do trading and shipping from the port of [[Kochi]] and Bharat was allowed to do the same from[[Jeddah]] , a port that was under the control Britain on the Arabian cost. This agreement established Britain to gain upper hand over its other European competes. While on the other hand goods from Bharat were sold only in Jeddah and the surrounding provinces. Traders from Bharat realised that the lease agreement was benefitting only Britain as the goods from Bharat were marketed by Britain throughout Europe and they were not getting any direct access to the European market as a result of selling their products in Arabia which was controlled by Britain. During these 25 years Bharat was able to establish contacts with other European states most notably with Arabia , [[Greece]] and [[Italia]] and decided not to renew the lease agreement with Britain. This resulted in a confrontation (commonly know as [[Clash of the Golds]] by historians) with Britain that led into a war between both the empires and resulting in Bharat becoming republic on 12<sup>th</sup>Makar 2447 NY (26<sup>th</sup> January 1423 ADE) and Arabia and surrounding countries becoming independent from Britain’s rule by 2453 NY (1429 ADE). |
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